Introduction: From a long time ago, benefiting from technology has been an inevitable thing for human interests, which is born and based on science. It can be claimed that there is harmony between ethics, science and technology, which promote each other. In this article, the researcher discusses this harmony and compatibility. Material and Methods: The current review study was descriptive and using the study of sources and research keywords among the books and articles published in the databases of Thomson Information Institute, Science Direct and Pub Med. Conclusion: As science and technology continue to advance and become more integrated into our daily lives, ethical considerations become increasingly important. For example, the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has raised questions about the potential implications of creating machines that can make autonomous decisions and take actions. If science and technology were considered as a tool, it should have been able to subjugate humans and influence all aspects of behavior and values. While it has become a problem that eventually becomes aligned with morality by applying reason, and people now seek help from it as a tool.

In this paper one of the most important models of science-technology relationship, named “technology-as-applied science” is critically considered from philosophical and historical point of view. At first, some ideas of Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes are reviewed as the philosophical roots of that model, and then Mario Bunge’s elaborated defense of the model is reconstructed.For criticism, firstly the ideological perspective of post-modern thought about the position and relationship of science and technology is considered according to which in the post-modern era technology has primacy over everything including science. Secondly, strong critiques of technology historians are reviewed in which they undeniably showed that the history of science and technology relationship does not accord with the model. Finally some implications of those critical arguments for science and technology policy are pointed out.

Science and technology (S&T) roadmaps are used in industry, government, and academia to portray the structural relationships among science, technology, and applications. Roadmaps are employed as decision aids to improve coordination of activities and resources in increasingly complex and uncertain environments. Specific uses of roadmaps include: S&T management including strategy, planning, executing, reviewing, and transitioning; S&T marketing; enhancing communications among researchers, technologists, product managers, suppliers, users, and other stakeholders; identifying gaps and opportunities in S&T programs; and identifying obstacles to rapid and low-cost product development. S&T managers also use roadmaps to help identify those S&T areas that have high potential promise, and to accelerate the transfer of the S&T to eventual products. However, there has been little attention paid to the practice of roadmapping in the published literature. This paper is a first attempt to bring some common definition to roadmapping practices and display the underlying unity of seemingly fragmented roadmap approaches. The paper begins with generic roadmap definitions, including a taxonomy of roadmaps that attempts to better classify and unify the broad spectrum of roadmap objectives and uses. Characteristics of retrospective and prospective roadmaps are then identified and analyzed, as well as summary characteristics of bibliometric-based S&T mapping techniques. The roadmap construction process, including fundamental principles for constructing high quality roadmaps, is presented in detail.

Technology development and commercialization process is a capital intensive activity. So, science, technology and innovation financing, by an appropriate method, in appropriate time and by the appropriate resources is a very important issue. Innovative firms’ financing methods vary in different stages of the company life cycle; from personal resources to banking resources, venture capital, crowdfunding, and stock markets. Different actors use different financing methods and together shape the Innovation Financing System (IFS). In this paper we first introduce financing sources for innovative companies at different stages of their life cycle and then explore the players of innovation financing system. Then, while reviewing the global trends of innovation financing and financing trends in developing countries, an institutional map of Iran's innovation financing system is presented.

Because of Emergence of new technology area, knowledge economy and globalization challenges, Science & technology policy making is not an easy process like prioritizing some technology. Nowadays Science & technology policy making is complex systematic processes that consist all aspect of the society. This paper tries to analyze oncoming science and technology policy-making challenges and scenarios in I.R. Iran. For this propose paper, first attend to study and combine economic, management, scientific, technological, sociological and global paradigm changes and it’s affects on organization, firms and societies, for gaining true consideration from difficulties and complexities oncoming in science and technology policy-making; Second initiate domestic Iranian perspective and challenges; in third step review different appropriate policy formulation model, methods and instruments and finally discuss some Vis A Vis scenarios.

Scientific results about Foresighting show that the most change in this field are due to development of science and technology. We also can see that the recent problems such as leakages of water, air pollution and traffic are because of upgrading, science of technology too.

Policy evaluation is essential for governments to improving effectiveness and accountability. In science, technology, and innovation (STI) domain in line with the growth of national and regional policymaking, the literature and experiences of policy evaluation have been developed. In this paper, after reviewing concepts and various components of policy evaluation including criteria, timing, methodologies, and indicators a complete evaluation process with its all modules is presented. The main criteria including appropriateness, efficiency, and effectiveness with their indicators, quadruple timing including ex-ante, real-time, intermediate, and ex-post evaluation, triple levels of aggregation including policy, program, and activity as well as quantitative, qualitative, and semiquantitative methodologies are mentioned as evaluation components that prepare necessary information for evaluation expert groups in a systematic process. The results of policy evaluation are always published and provide feedback to policymakers for improving the goals and programs. The paper also discusses the evaluability of policies and at the end presents an evaluation experience for nanotechnology policies in Iran.

The emergence of knowledge-based city-regions as the paradigm of the knowledge-based economy is one of the effective paradigms for the sustainable development of future cities. These regions aim to synthesis the functional, physical, and institutional components of knowledge clusters with urban activities to maximize beneficiary of the unique characteristics of each region. In regional development, the prerequisite for achieving goals in these regions is spatial-physical planning and how they spatially organized their activities and functions in the territorial area. The main question of this study is "to achieve sustainable development, what are the spatial-physical considerations in Iran special regions in general and Yazd in particular? " It identifies the most important actions (physical spatial, transport, housing and environment) of science and technology regions plans on global scale by the method of secondary analysis and based on the content analysis. comparison the results in Yazd Special region with others in Iran indicates the high emphasis on economic aspects, relative attention to environmental issues, and minimal attention to quality of spatial organization and the relationship between main functional focuses and the cities/regions, transport and housing. Considering the unique characteristics of each region, reviewing their function and defining their legal position in the hierarchy of planning system in Iran, explaining the goals and priorities of development in a comprehensive plan to stabilize these regions in the urban sustainable development is indispensable.

Yazd Science and Technology Park has always sought to improve its systems and structures to create, grow, and survive the technology-based firms (TBFs) as its main mission. Meanwhile, one of the necessities of the park is to improve the entrance, exit, and help to develop the technology of TBFs. This necessity has become more important due to the increasing speed of technological changes in the world and the distance between the environment technology level and TBFs technology level. In this regard, Yazd Park seeks to investigate the structure of technological change in TBFs to determine its effectiveness and achieve system improvement. Therefore, this paper is designed to understand the dynamics of technology level changes in TBFs in Yazd Science and Technology Park. The study of this dynamics was carried out using the system dynamics, which simulated the model, showed that technology monitoring not only does not reduce the technology gap but also increases it by increasing the exit rate of companies. The model also showed that the presence of strong international communications coupled with technology monitoring reduces the technology gap through fundamental innovation.